據(jù)安迅思2月2８日消息稱，殼牌公司計(jì)劃在德國通過農(nóng)作物和可再生能源生產(chǎn)航空燃料和石腦油，并將一個(gè)生產(chǎn)無化石氫的電解工廠擴(kuò)大到商業(yè)規(guī)模，以尋求擺脫原油。

    這家能源巨頭在一次在線會(huì)議上表示，它已向歐盟和德國申請(qǐng)了用于開展這項(xiàng)工作的專項(xiàng)脫碳資金補(bǔ)貼。殼牌德國公司負(fù)責(zé)人Fabian Ziegler說，每年應(yīng)該花費(fèi)數(shù)億歐元，但他沒有給出公司和公共資金的理想比例。

    殼牌全球集團(tuán)已設(shè)定了自己的目標(biāo)，即到2050年實(shí)現(xiàn)凈零排放。殼牌計(jì)劃在德國萊茵煉油廠，利用綠色電力和生物質(zhì)以無碳的方式生產(chǎn)合成的電力制液（ptl），以長(zhǎng)期取代傳統(tǒng)的航空燃料和石腦油。100000噸/年的ptl工廠將于2023年建成，2025年投產(chǎn)。

    殼牌還提供了建造一個(gè)100兆瓦的電解工廠的時(shí)間表，該工廠將被稱為Refhyne II，從現(xiàn)有的10兆瓦工廠擴(kuò)大規(guī)模。當(dāng)生產(chǎn)過程中使用可再生能源發(fā)電時(shí)，氫氣被視為一種綠色燃料。殼牌已開始獲得海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電資產(chǎn)，可以將這些資產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生的電力用作電解的原料。

    通過對(duì)虛擬電廠運(yùn)營(yíng)商N(yùn)ext Kraftwerke的最新收購，該公司獲得了生物質(zhì)發(fā)電和太陽能發(fā)電廠的接入權(quán)。Ziegler表示，Refhyne II的最終投資決定將于今年做出，生產(chǎn)可能會(huì)在2025年底開始。

    柏林政府去年夏天撥出70億歐元用于在德國建設(shè)綠色氫燃料，另外還有20億歐元用于與其他國家建立伙伴關(guān)系，在各個(gè)行業(yè)和能源領(lǐng)域引進(jìn)這種替代燃料。該市場(chǎng)的建設(shè)將需要多年時(shí)間，但到2030年有明確的目標(biāo)，并計(jì)劃改造現(xiàn)有的天然氣和石油運(yùn)輸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，例如圍繞現(xiàn)有煉油廠集群。

    氫的能量含量很高，但電解過程中的轉(zhuǎn)化損失和運(yùn)輸準(zhǔn)備的高昂成本構(gòu)成了挑戰(zhàn)。他說，生產(chǎn)每公斤5-6歐元的綠色氫的成本必須降低，因?yàn)榛诨剂系臍涑杀緸槊抗?.50歐元。殼牌希望建立氫的運(yùn)輸配送鏈，并提供充電服務(wù)。

    朱佳妮 摘譯自 安迅思

    原文如下：

    Shell aims to produce clean aviation fuel, naphtha

    Royal Dutch Shell in Germany aims to produce aviation fuel and naphtha made from crops and renewable power and to increase to commercial scale an electrolysis plant that makes fossil-free hydrogen, as it seeks to move away from crude oil.

    The energy major told an online conference it had applied for subsidies to carry out the work from the European Union and from German funds earmarked for decarbonisation. Fabian Ziegler, head of Shell Deutschland, said several hundred million euros should be spent per year, but he did not give a desired ratio between company and public funding.

    The global Shell group has set itself a goal of net zero emissions by 2050. At Wesseling, part of the Rheinland refinery, Shell plans to use green electricity and biomass to produce synthetic power-to-liquids (ptl) in a carbon-free way to replace, over the long term, conventional jet fuel and naphtha. The 100,000 tonnes/p.a. ptl plant could be built from 2023 and start producing in 2025.

    Shell also gave a timeline for building a 100 megawatt (MW) electrolysis plant, to be called Refhyne II, scaling up from an existing 10 MW plant. Hydrogen is considered a green fuel when electricity from renewable energy sources is used in its production. Shell has begun securing offshore wind power assets whose electricity it could use as feedstock for electrolysis.

    Through its latest purchase of Next Kraftwerke, a virtual power plant (VPP) operator, it gets access to aggregated biomass-to-power and solar plants. A final investment decision for Refhyne II is due this year and production could start by the end of 2025, Ziegler said.

    The Berlin government last summer earmarked 7 billion euros for the build-up of green hydrogen in Germany, plus a further 2 billion euros to set up partnerships with other countries, to introduce the alternative fuel across industries and energy. The market's build-up will take many years but there are clear targets in place for 2030, accompanied by plans to repurpose existing gas and oil transport infrastructure for example around existing refinery clusters.

    Hydrogen has a high energy content by mass, but conversion losses from electrolysis and high costs involved in readying it for delivery pose challenges. Costs of producing green hydrogen of 5-6 euros per kg must come down, given that fossil fuels-based hydrogen costs 1.50 euros/kg, he said. Shell wants to build up transport sector delivery chains for hydrogen and provide electric charging.