據鉆機地帶7月12日專欄消息，今年夏天，美國的原油供應只會略微增加。

　　根據雷斯塔能源的最新分析，美國7月份的原油產量預計將增長6萬桶/天，達到1151萬桶/天，與8月份持平。

　　據雷斯塔能源透露，預計9月和10月原油產量將分別下降至1134萬桶/天和1141萬桶/天，然后從2021年11月開始出現穩定的緩慢增長軌跡，屆時原油產量預計將回升至1155萬桶/天。該機構預計，12月的產量將達到1162萬桶/天，從2022年1月開始，產量將繼續上升，打破同年10月以來的月平均水平1200萬桶/天。

　　雷斯塔能源指出，由于預計西得克薩斯中質原油(WTI)價格不會保持在當前的高位，美國2022-2023年的月產量預計不會達到2019年創下的1290萬桶/天的紀錄。不過，該公司補充稱，如果波動持續，將有一些上行潛力。

　　該公司預測，從2021年下半年到2023年，德克薩斯州和新墨西哥州的石油產量將幾乎全面增長，而美國其他地區的石油產量將保持在530萬桶/天至540萬桶/天。

　　雷斯塔能源在其最新分析中強調，美國公共生產商在2021年的原油產量中，很多都以遠低于70美元的價格進行了對沖，這意味著運營商計入了財務損失，部分抵消了實際收益，最終抑制了額外生產。然而，該公司還指出，2021年頁巖油總產量中有不到40%的產量是對沖的，這意味著許多運營商將受到WTI價格上漲的高度激勵，尤其是私營生產商。該公司指出，對他們來說，如果油價上漲被視為一種結構性變化，而非短期再平衡，那么從理論上講，產量可能會有一些上行空間。

　　然而，雷斯塔能源指出，在2022年第二季度之前，這兩種類型的生產商都不可能有重大的供應響應。該預測機構表示，石油行業仍嚴重依賴已鉆探但未完工(DUC)完井，為了大幅增加壓裂量，運營商首先需要增加鉆井量。雷斯塔能源還強調，在經歷了上一年的艱難之后，2021年的運營商將繼續致力于資本約束和向股東返還股息。

　　裘寅 編譯自 鉆機地帶

　　原文如下：

　　How Will USA Oil Production Evolve to 2023?

　　U.S. crude oil supply will only marginally increase this summer.

　　That’s according to Rystad Energy’s latest analysis, which forecasts that U.S. crude output is forecast to grow by 60,000 barrels per day to 11.51 million barrels per day (MMbpd) in July and remain at the same level in August.

　　A dip is then expected in September and October to 11.34 MMbpd and 11.41 MMbpd, respectively, followed by a constant, slow growth trajectory commencing in November 2021, when crude output is expected to rise back to 11.55 MMbpd, Rystad Energy revealed.

　　December will see 11.62 MMbpd, and, from January 2022 onwards, output will continue to rise, breaking the 12 MMbpd monthly average from October that year, Rystad Energy projected.

　　U.S. monthly output in 2022-2023 is not expected to match the record 12.9 MMbpd achieved in 2019, as WTI prices are not forecast to remain at the current high levels, Rystad Energy noted. The company added, however, that there is some upside potential if volatility continues.

　　Texas and New Mexico are expected to drive nearly all oil production growth from the second half of 2021 through 2023, while the rest of the country is set to remain in a maintenance mode, producing around 5.3 MMbpd to 5.4 MMbpd over the coming years, Rystad Energy predicted.

　　In its latest analysis, Rystad Energy highlighted that a lot of 2021 crude output by public producers in the U.S. is hedged at much lower price levels than in the $70s, meaning operators book a financial loss which partly offsets physical gains, ultimately disincentivizing extra production. The company also outlined, however, that below 40 percent of the total expected shale oil output in 2021 is hedged, meaning there are many operators that would be highly incentivized by higher WTI prices, especially private producers. Rystad Energy noted that, for them, there could in theory be some upside to production if the higher prices are perceived as a structural change rather than short-term rebalancing.

　　Nevertheless, no major supply response is possible for both types of producers before the second quarter of 2022, Rystad Energy pointed out. The industry is still heavily relying on DUCs completion and to see a serious ramp up in fracking volumes operators would first need to increase drilling, Rystad Energy said. The company also highlighted that operators in 2021 are remaining committed to capital discipline and on returning dividends to shareholders after the previous tough year.

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