據(jù)彭博社7月8日報道，阿布扎比正在尋求投資者幫助建設(shè)氫氣出口設(shè)施，因為中東石油生產(chǎn)商正抓緊計劃出售被視為向清潔能源過渡的關(guān)鍵燃料。
據(jù)知情人士透露，阿布扎比國家石油公司（Abu Dhabi National Oil Co.）正與能源公司商談購買這些氫氣項目股權(quán)的事宜。該公司在阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國幾乎提供所有的石油和天然氣。他們還表示，該公司的目標是在推進投資前簽訂長期供應(yīng)合同。
據(jù)彭博新能源財經(jīng)報道稱，目前氫氣市場規(guī)模很小，但到2050年，氫的年價值可能高達7000億美元。
這種燃料在燃燒時只會釋放水蒸氣，出口項目可能要耗資數(shù)十億美元。但在全球大力削減溫室氣體排放的背景下，阿聯(lián)酋和沙特阿拉伯等波斯灣國家正在尋求氫氣來減少對石油的依賴。
日本、韓國交易
阿拉伯國家石油公司（Adnoc）負責人、阿聯(lián)酋氣候特使Sultan Al-Jaber表示，未來20年內(nèi)，氫氣可能成為主要能源。該公司已與日本政府和韓國GS Energy公司簽署了探索燃料銷售的協(xié)議。
海灣地區(qū)的國有石油公司希望將其在出口液體燃料方面的專長轉(zhuǎn)化為向世界各地的客戶運輸氫氣或氨氣，用于電力、運輸和工業(yè)用途。
沙特阿美的目標是從2030年起在新興市場占有“很大份額”。
Adnoc出口的大部分可能是藍色氫，它是通過轉(zhuǎn)化天然氣和捕獲副產(chǎn)品二氧化碳而產(chǎn)生的。氫氣可以轉(zhuǎn)化成氨，更易于運輸。
合成氨裝置
據(jù)知情人士透露，該公司已經(jīng)為其煉油廠生產(chǎn)氫氣，將通過擴建位于Ruwais工業(yè)中心的石油加工廠和Borouge石化設(shè)施來提高產(chǎn)量。額外的氫氣將用于與化肥公司Fertiglobe共同規(guī)劃的氨設(shè)施。
阿布扎比還希望開發(fā)綠色氫氣，這種氫氣是使用太陽能等可再生能源生產(chǎn)的，在這個過程中不排放任何碳。藍色氫氣更便宜，預(yù)計會持續(xù)多年。
據(jù)彭博社上月報道，阿聯(lián)酋正在考慮設(shè)定凈零排放目標，目前歐佩克成員國還沒有這樣做。它還在尋求提高其可再生能源能力。
盡管如此，除了綠色倡議外，該國還花費了數(shù)十億美元，以使其能夠開采更多的原油。這些投資導致了與沙特阿拉伯和石油輸出國組織（opec）的緊張關(guān)系，阿聯(lián)酋認為其目前的石油產(chǎn)出配額過低。
祝精燕 摘譯自 彭博社
原文如下：
UAE Seeks Investors and Long-Term Buyers for Blue Hydrogen
Abu Dhabi is seeking investors to help build hydrogen-export facilities, as Middle Eastern oil producers step up plans to sell what’s seen as a crucial fuel in the transition to cleaner energy.
Abu Dhabi National Oil Co., which pumps almost all the oil and natural gas in the United Arab Emirates, is in talks with energy companies about them buying equity stakes in the hydrogen projects, according to people familiar with the matter. It also aims to sign long-term supply contracts before pushing ahead with the investments, they said.
The market for hydrogen is tiny today but could be worth as much as $700 billion annually by 2050, according to BloombergNEF.
Projects to export the fuel -- which only emits water vapor when burned -- are likely to cost billions of dollars. But amid a global push to slash greenhouse-gas emissions, Persian Gulf nations such as the UAE and Saudi Arabia are looking to hydrogen to reduce their reliance on oil.
Japan, Korea Deals
Hydrogen can become a major energy source in the next 20 years, Sultan Al Jaber, head of Adnoc and the UAE’s climate envoy, has said. The company has signed agreements to explore sales of the fuel with Japan’s government and GS Energy of Korea.
State-owned oil firms in the Gulf want to turn their expertise in exporting liquid fuel into shipping hydrogen or ammonia to customers worldwide for electricity, transport and industrial use.
Saudi Aramco aims to to have a “l(fā)arge share” of the market that it sees emerging from 2030 onwards.
Most of what Adnoc exports is likely to be blue hydrogen, created by converting natural gas and capturing the carbon dioxide by-product. The hydrogen may be turned into ammonia to ship it more easily.
Ammonia Plant
The company, which already produces hydrogen for its refineries, will boost output by expanding an oil-processing plant and the Borouge petrochemical facility at the Ruwais industrial hub, according to the people. The extra hydrogen will be used for an ammonia facility planned with Fertiglobe, a fertilizer firm.
Abu Dhabi also wants to develop green hydrogen, which is produced using renewable energy, like solar power, in a process that doesn’t emit any carbon. Blue hydrogen is cheaper and expected to remain so for many years.
The UAE is considering setting a target for net-zero emissions, Bloomberg reported last month, something no OPEC member has done yet. It’s also looking to increase its renewable-energy capacity.
Still, alongside green initiatives the country is spending billions of dollars to enable it to pump more crude. Those investments have led to tensions with Saudi Arabia and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, with the UAE arguing its current oil-output quota is too low.
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